154 CAN SERUM MARKERS OF BONE METABOLISM PREDICT THE PROGRESSION OF KNEE OA?

on the relationship between using discourse markers and the quality of expository and argumentative academic writing of iranian english majors

the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and the type of discourse markers used in the argumentative and expository writings of iranian efl learners and the differences between these text features in the two essay genres. the study also aimed at examining the influence of the use of discourse markers on the participants’ writing quality. to this end the discourse markers us...

Knee OA, biomechanics, and progression to TKA

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent type of arthritis, is characterized by damage to articular cartilage, a protective layer over the ends of bones, leading to changes in other joint structures (bones, ligaments, muscles, and nerves) that subsequently result in pain, stiffness, and functional disability in adults.1 OA is common at the knee joint, more so in the medial tibiofemoral compartme...

Varus-valgus Alignment in the Progression of Knee Oa

Introduction. Most of the epidemiologic literature concerning OA deals with risk factors for the initial development of arthritis. However, in a large subset of people, knee OA remains a relatively mild condition. The form of knee OA responsible for the bulk of individual and societal cost is OA that progresses beyond mild stages. Identification of factors responsible for progression is critica...

Regulation of Bone Metabolism

Bone is formed through the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. In endochondral ossification primary mesenchymal cells differentiate to chondrocytes and then are progressively substituted by bone, while in intramembranous ossification mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate directly into osteoblasts to form bone. The steps of osteogenic proliferation, differentiation,...

Interactions between subchondral bone and cartilage in OA. Cells from osteoarthritic bone can alter cartilage metabolism.